PET 2001
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== The CBM PET == | == The CBM PET == | ||
On April 1977, after the prototype had been presented on January on the [[CES]], the [[Commodore]] PET was presented to public on the West Coast Computer Fair in San Francisco. Just in the stack Commodore presented his new complete computer solution PET 2001. The "Personal Electronical Transactor", which is jokily called "Peddles Ego Trip", applies to be the first "real" PC of the world.<br> | On April 1977, after the prototype had been presented on January on the [[CES]], the [[Commodore]] PET was presented to public on the West Coast Computer Fair in San Francisco. Just in the stack Commodore presented his new complete computer solution PET 2001. The "Personal Electronical Transactor", which is jokily called "Peddles Ego Trip", applies to be the first "real" PC of the world.<br> | ||
| - | For 800 US $ the customer received a completely assembled machine with [[monitor]], [[keyboard]] and [[Datasette|cassette memory]]. The [[CPU|Processor]] of the computer was the legendary [[6502]] which was developed by [[MOS Technology]] in 1975. | + | For 800 US $ the customer received a completely assembled machine with [[monitor]], [[Keyboard|keyboard]] and [[Datasette|cassette memory]]. The [[CPU|Processor]] of the computer was the legendary [[6502]] which was developed by [[MOS Technology]] in 1975. |
1978 the "[[Computerwoche]]" announces compact crushes on the stand of Commodore in Hannover (Germany). Those who wanted to see the new table computer had to use their elbowes vigorously. The very high price of 2,900 DM for the [[Homecomputer|homecomputer]] market went down after one year below 2,000 DM Marks.<br> | 1978 the "[[Computerwoche]]" announces compact crushes on the stand of Commodore in Hannover (Germany). Those who wanted to see the new table computer had to use their elbowes vigorously. The very high price of 2,900 DM for the [[Homecomputer|homecomputer]] market went down after one year below 2,000 DM Marks.<br> | ||
Latest revision as of 19:20, 27 February 2012
The english shortcut PET is Personal Electronical Transactor; one of the first Commodore computers.
Contents |
[edit] The CBM PET
On April 1977, after the prototype had been presented on January on the CES, the Commodore PET was presented to public on the West Coast Computer Fair in San Francisco. Just in the stack Commodore presented his new complete computer solution PET 2001. The "Personal Electronical Transactor", which is jokily called "Peddles Ego Trip", applies to be the first "real" PC of the world.
For 800 US $ the customer received a completely assembled machine with monitor, keyboard and cassette memory. The Processor of the computer was the legendary 6502 which was developed by MOS Technology in 1975.
1978 the "Computerwoche" announces compact crushes on the stand of Commodore in Hannover (Germany). Those who wanted to see the new table computer had to use their elbowes vigorously. The very high price of 2,900 DM for the homecomputer market went down after one year below 2,000 DM Marks.
Meanwhile the German affiliate could sell at least 4,000 pieces. Bad luck for Commodore: PHILIPS had a protected right on the letter combination and now the "pet" had to be renamed. For the future Commodore sells his computer with the already known shortcut CBM.
The Commodore PET became a top-seller in the Canadian and United States educational markets. It was Commodore's first full-featured computer, and formed the basis for their entire 8-bit product line.
[edit] Technical Details PET 2001
CPU : 6502 Clock : 1 MHz RAM : 4 or 8 KByte, up to 32 KByte external BASIC : 1.0 Interfaces : IEEE-488, tape drive (2x), Userport, memory expansion Keyboard : 73 small keys Mass Storage: Internal tape drive Monitor : 9 inch green, b/w or rare blue (40 chars)
[edit] PET, CBM 2001, CBM 3001
In effect only the first computers with the PET nameplate in the lable on the front are real PETs. Normaly you find in these computers a board from 1977. These first machines are today behold als collector parts and should only be turned on ater close maintenance.
Especially a power supply from 1977 could be today be called as unsure. Before usage at least the overyeared electrolytic capacitor beside the transformer should be changed. These "cup" electrolytic capacitor could be bought still today.
If the RAM or ROM is defective they can be replaced by a nearly new extension of Nicolas Welte (X1541). With the "6502 RAM/ROM Expansion" the complete memory could be changed and the firmware can be flashed as often as you like.
Typically for the PET is the BASIC 1.0 with following start screen:
*** COMMODORE BASIC *** 7167 BYTES FREE
These Basic is defective in total.
Very often the complete CBM palette is linked to the name PET. Even the CBM 2 series is called PET 2 in some literature. In fact, that's not right. The name PET is only on the first machines used.
The later CBM 2001 series has an over-worked board from 1978 and a corrected Basic. Basic 2.0 computers start with following screen:
### COMMODORE BASIC ### 7167 BYTES FREE
With the BASIC command: WAIT 6502,1 the BASIC origin could be shown on the screen. There should stand than MICROSOFT!
Until these board version it was able to use 3 optional 4 KB ROMs. They stay at $9000-$9fff, $a000-$afff and $b000-$bfff in the memory.
They have been often used for small tools, BASIC ad ons or software dongles.
In the course of the newer 2001 series the comfortless "Mickey Mouse" keyboard has been changed with a regular computer keyboard. The tape drive (Datasette) had than to leave and could be connected external.
The CBM 3001 series varies only in the nameplate and the better memory extension. Often you can find on machines of the 3001 series the hind on the 2001 series on the nameplate on the back side.
[edit] Interfaces
[edit] Userport
The lines of these interface carry on the mainboard to a connector with 12 positions and 24 conntacts which have a clearance of 3.96 mm beetween the middle of the contacts.
Coding trenches are beetween the contacts 1-2 and 10-11.
The upper row of contacts (1-12) was intended for the support service teams and the retailers.
The lines on the lower side of the Userport guide to the "multifunctional Interface Adapter" on the mainboard.
It's the device 6522 from MOS-Technology. (Versatile Interface Adapter: VIA)
The parallel port consists of eight programmable dual way I/O lines (PA0-PA7), an Input Handshake Line (CA1) for these eight lines, which could be used for other flank triggert inputs and one very strong connection CB2.
These has the most functions of CA1 but could be used as an input and output line for the shift register in the VIA.
All lines of the VIA which are not connected with the Userport the computer uses for internal controles.
The user newer should use these signal lines.
The base address of the Userport VIA is hex $E840.
Userport:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1
0 1 2
-| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| |-|-
---------------------------
-| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| |-|-
A B C D E F H J K L M N
Contact Signal Description
1 GND Ground (Digital)
2 TV-Video-drive Video-output for external screens
3 IEEE-SQR Connection for testing the SQR
4 IEEE-EOI Connection for testing the EOI
5 Request TEST Is these connection on power on on LoW,
than the jump in the diagnostic routine results.
6 #1 READ Used by the test routine for checking the read function,
for recorder #1.
7 #2 READ Used by the test routine for checking the read function,
for recorder #2.
8 #1,#2 WRITE Used by the test routine for checking the write function,
for both recorder.
9 TV-VERT Vertical synchron signal (60 Hz). Is checked by the test
routine.
10 TV-HOR Horizontal signal. Is checked by the test routine.
11 GND Ground (Digital)
12 GND Ground (Digital)
A GND Ground (Digital) B CA1 Flankengetriggerter Anschluß des VIA 6522. C PA0 D PA1 E PA2 F PA3 H PA4 J PA5 K PA6 L PA7 PA0-PA7 can be seperatlly programmed as Input-/Output. M CB2 Connection CB2 of the VIA 6522. N GND Ground (Digital)
[edit] Interface for external recorder
These interface is realised as an board connector with 6 positions and 12 contacts (contact distance 0.156' or 3.96 mm).
The coding shift sits beetween the contacts 2-3.
1 2 3 4 5 6
-|-| |-|-|-|-
---------------
-|-| |-|-|-|-
A B C D E F
A-1 GND Ground(Digital) B-2 +5V Power supply for the Recorder C-3 MOTOR +6V (controlled from computer) for the motor of the recorder D-4 READ Reading from cassette E-5 WRITE Writting on cassette F-6 SENSE Line controlles if one of the buttons REW, FFWD or PLAY is pressed.
Note: On some early machines the connections 1 to 6 are not connected with A and F.
[edit] IEEE-488
1975 the first informations about the IEC-BUS have been published. With the time different names for the IEC-BUS are used. The reason is that the international IEC-BUS norm has been not declared at that time. Only the different but nearly same national norm proposals are existing. So e.g. in Germany the common name was IEC-Bus which based on the german norm DKE 66.22(2). In the USA the same norm had the name IEEE 488/75. Beside this the name GPIB (Hewlett Packard / General Purpose Interface Bus) has established. After adoption of the international norm the official paper received the name IEC 625-1 which was effective for all countries. Out of this follows the international approved name IEC-625-Bus with the shortcut < IEC-625 >.
Important at first ist, that all these names mark the same bus system or that hardware with this identifier is compatible with it. In the following text the identifier IEEE-488 will be used because these is more popular in use with the CBM computers. These bus system was originally developed for measuring and control duties, but was very quick used for computer mass memories, too. With the IEEE-488 bus could be controlled disk drives and hard drives. CBM, as like Hewlett Packard, too, used these relative fast bus system for external drives. The complete CBM office computer palette was equipped with the IEEE-488 bus. For the later Homecomputer have been optional interfaces available but these hat some incompatibility with the used software because the kernal of the computer had to be adjusted. Or the cartridge version has reserved memory.
Pinout :
--___
(1) Data Input/Output 1 = DIO1 1 * * 13 Data Input/Output 5 = DIO5 (A)
(2) Data Input/Output 2 = DIO2 2 * * 14 Data Input/Output 6 = DIO6 (B)
(3) Data Input/Output 3 = DIO3 3 * I * 15 Data Input/Output 7 = DIO7 (C)
(4) Data Input/Output 4 = DIO4 4 * E * 16 Data Input/Output 8 = DIO8 (D)
(5) End of Identify EOI 5 * E * 17 REN Remote Enable (E)
(6) Data Valid DAV 6 * E * 18 GND 6 (F)
(7) Not Ready for Data NRFD 7 * * 19 GND 7 (H)
(8) Not Data Accepted NDAC 8 * 4 * 20 GND 8 (J)
(9) Interface Clear IFC 9 * 8 * 21 GND 9 (K)
(10) Service Request SQR 10 * 8 * 22 GND 10 (L)
(11) Attention ATN 11 * * 23 GND 11 (M)
(12) Shield 12 * * 24 Logic GND (N)
__---
Connector on the CBM computer:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1
0 1 2
-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-
---------------------------
-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-
A B C D E F H J K L M N
[edit] External Plate (CBM 2001)
These connector strip with a raster of 2.54 mm can be found on the mainboard.
(J10) (J11)
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 -5V unreg. 1 +9V unreg. 2 -5V unreg. 2 Codierung 3 Coding 3 Coding 4 +12V unreg. 4 +9V unreg. 5 +12V unreg. 5 Ground 6 Ground 6 +9V unreg. 7 Ground 7 Ground
[edit] Memory Expansion (PET)
2. A0 42. NS6 4. A1 44. NS7 6. A2 46. NS9 8. A3 48. NSA 10. A4 50. NSB 12. A5 52. -- 14. A6 54. Reset 16. A7 56. IRQ 18. A8 58. Clock (Phi2) 20. A9 60. R/W 22. A10 62. -- 24. A11 64. -- 26. -- 66. BD0 Data Bit 28. -- 68. BD1 30. -- 70. BD2 32. NS1 Address select 72. BD3 34. NS2 74. BD4 36. NS3 76. BD5 38. NS4 78. BD6 40. NS5 80. BD7
[edit] Memory Expansion (CBM 2001)
J4 and J9 Side B are ground connections.
1111111111222222
1234567890123456789012345
Side A *************************
Side B *************************
J4-1 GND J4-2 BD0 Buffered data line J4-3 BD1 J4-4 BD2 J4-5 BD3 J4-6 BD4 J4-7 BD5 J4-8 BD6 J4-9 BD7 J4-10 SEL2 (2000-2FFF) J4-11 SEL3 (3000-3FFF) J4-12 SEL4 (4000-4FFF) J4-13 SEL5 (5000-5FFF) J4-14 SEL6 (6000-6FFF) J4-15 SEL7 (7000-7FFF) J4-16 SEL8 (8000-8FFF) J4-17 SEL9 (9000-9FFF) J4-18 SELA (A000-AFFF) J4-19 SELB (B000-BFFF) J4-20 RAS J4-21 CAS J4-22 RES Power-on Reset J4-23 RDY Ready line of the 6502 J4-24 NMI J4-25 GND
J9-1 GND J9-2 BA0 Buffered address bit A0 to A15 J9-3 BA1 J9-4 BA2 J9-5 BA3 J9-6 BA4 J9-7 BA5 J9-8 BA6 J9-9 BA7 J9-10 BA8 J9-11 BA9 J9-12 BA10 J9-13 BA11 J9-14 BA12 J9-15 BA13 J9-16 BA14 J9-17 BA15 J9-18 SYNC J9-19 IRQ Interrupt Request Line of the 6502 J9-20 -- J9-21 B2 Clock J9-22 R/W J9-23 R/W J9-24 DMA J9-25 GND
Sources: Elektronik 8/1980, CBM 600/700 Bedienungshandbuch, CBM 2001/3001 Handbuch
[edit] Memory
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | | | | |
| $0-$03FF | $0400-($7FFF) | $8000-$8FFF | $9000-9FFF | $A000-AFFF | $B000-BFFF | $C000 - $FFFF |
| | | | | | | I/O $E800-EFFF |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Zeropage BASIC memory Video-RAM ROM ROM ROM BASIC,Kernel,I/O
The BASIC memory varied depending on development. The video memory is mirrored four times in the area $8000-$8FFF.
I/O
$E800-0F free 10-1F PIA 1, 4 x 20-2F PIA 2, 4 x 40-4F VIA
The rest of the area consists of mirrow addresses.
[edit] Bricolage
CB2 Sound
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1
0 1 2
-| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| |-|-
--------------------------- <- Userport topview
-| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| |-|-
A B C D E F H J K L M N (GND)
| +-----------+===================+
CB2 | | Audio Amplifier |
+-/\/\/\------+===================+
50-500 kOhm resistor
